Russia’s Military Debacle in Ukraine

Eleven weeks into Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin has failed to achieve any major strategic gains on the ground to justify what he markets at home as a “special military operation.” Staggering losses and an underperforming military have left many Western analysts surprised, particularly given recent observations indicating the modernization and professionalization of Russia’s military. Understanding Russia’s failure in Ukraine thus far requires an evaluation of key factors.